MODERN ART

Modern art includes artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era. They chose new subjects, materials, techniques that signaled a radical change from a medieval past. Their development of one-point linear perspective altered the face of painting completely. , modern art begins with the changes in the representation of space as introduced by artists of the late 18th century. And most of their art styles were neoclassicism, romanticism, realism, impressionism, post-impressionism, expressionism, and art nouveau (new art).

·         * Neoclassicism – art refers to the predominant Western movement that originated in Rome in the 18^th century; it is characterized mainly as a reaction against the excessive grandiose of the Baroque era and the ornateness of the late Rococo school. The movement coincided with the 18^th century Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19^th century, latterly competing with Romanticism.

·        *  Romanticism- is an artistic style and movement in the 18th and 19th centuries that spread across Europe and later to the United States. It is characterized chiefly as a reaction against the order and restraint of the Neoclassicism.

·        * Realism- the arts refers to the mid-19th century Realist movement which started in France and initially began as a reaction against Romanticism in which subjects were treated idealistically, the Realists tended to discard theatrical drama and classical forms of art to depict commonplace or realistic themes, they wanted to represent the subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.

·        * Impressionism- is an artistic movement and style originating in France in the 19th century with a group of Paris-based artists. It is characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color.

·       * Post-Impressionism- refers to the artistic movement that emerged in France in the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The movement represented both an extension of Impressionism and a rejection of that style’s inherent limitations. Though most of them began as Impressionists, each of them abandoned the style; however, to form his/her own highly personal art.

·       * Expressionism- is a style and movement which first surfaced in art in the early 20th century. It refers to the style that attempts to depict not the objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist. Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the 20th century, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, and spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements.

·        * ART NOUVEAU- Art Nouveau is an artistic style and movement prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until the World War I. It is considered as a total art style embracing architecture, graphic art, interior design, and most of the decorative arts including jewelry, furniture, textile, household silver and other utensils and lighting, as well as fine arts. It is characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms, and is also considered as a reaction against the French academic art of the 19th century.